No, armed conflict is not gender-specific. All genders are vulnerable to and are participants in armed conflicts. In some cases, women and girls play particularly critical roles such as combatants, providing supplies, or running black markets. In other cases, women and girls suffer disproportionately due to their particular vulnerabilities, and are more likely to be victims of sexual violence.Gender inequality in armed conflict can have a direct effect on the willingness of individuals to take part in armed conflict, both on the battlefield and behind the lines. Women, who are often the most vulnerable to violent conflict and are often less likely to volunteer to take part in fighting, can be a major target group in such conflicts. This can lead to an environment where women are not represented in decision-making and their security and protection is neglected. Gender stereotypes and gender-based discrimination also contribute to militarized forms of violence against women and girls, including rape and sexual exploitation, even as soldiers and fighters in the contexts of civil wars. Gender inequality can also lead to higher levels of violence and conflict in societies, as well as fewer opportunities for women and girls to participate in peacemaking and peace-building. All of these factors together result in the perpetuation of the inequality between the sexes, creating a cycle of violence and exclusion.Armed conflict often has a greater impact on women than on men. Women and girls often bear a disproportionate burden of the indirect effects of armed conflict, such as displacement, impoverishment, exclusive responsibility for child rearing and caring for the sick and wounded, insecurity, and sexual and gender-based violence. Women in conflict zones may also find themselves worse off when trying to access education, health care, and other services. Conflict also hinders women's political participation and denies them access to decision-making positions in their own communities, putting them at risk of exploitation, abuse, and further marginalization.
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